The human sexual response as described by Masters & Johnson includes desire (libido), arousal (excitement), orgasm and resolution. Assuming you have desire, meaning you are interested in sexual activity (loss of libido deserves its own blog), what actually happens when you get excited? A lot of things really.
In addition to more rapid breathing and heart rate, one of the first things to occur with arousal is an increase in blood flow--including to the genitals. When blood flow to the vagina increases, fluid through the vaginal walls increases which is how lubrication occurs. Not only does arousal result in vaginal lubrication, the vagina also lengthens. Yes, you read that correctly. Our vagina actually "grows" during arousal. The external genitalia, including the clitoris and labia (inner and outer lips), also become engorged with blood. You probably haven't thought about it, but the clitoris is similar to the penis in that it has erectile tissue that expands when blood flow is increased during arousal. In fact, the clitoral hood is equivalent to the foreskin. The glans, or head, of the clitoris contains a dense collection of nerves which is why the main function of the clitoris is pleasure. As you can imagine, it takes more than a hot minute for all of these physiologic changes associated with arousal to occur which makes taking your time during foreplay a legit necessity. (This is great information to share with your partner...)
Ideally arousal results in the big "O" which is the climax of the sexual response. Sadly it only lasts a few seconds, but it's an intense few seconds as the pelvic muscles rhythmically contract. Finally, resolution is when the body returns to its normal level, and after a refractory period (time between orgasm and when you are ready to have sex again) the cycle can start again.
LOVE. REPLENISH. REPEAT.
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